What is Rosacea: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Causes

Disease Education Information

Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that affects over 16 million people in the U.S.¹ The hallmark sign of rosacea is redness, usually on the face. Rosacea may appear as blushing or sunburn and can be mistaken for acne or other skin problems.² Like any visible skin condition, rosacea can affect a person’s wellbeing and self-esteem. Those affected may not be aware that though there is currently no cure for rosacea, it is a treatable condition.³

What is Rosacea?
Rosacea is a chronic, non-contagious inflammation of facial skin. It causes redness, visible blood vessels and pus-filled spots on the cheeks, chin, forehead and nose. Sometimes the skin on the chest, scalp and nape of the neck becomes inflamed too. The condition can also cause eye problems.³
What Causes Rosacea and Who gets It?
The exact cause is unknown. Anyone can get rosacea, but it seems to be more common in women and people with fair skin. It most often affects middle-aged and older adults.⁴ Scientists believe there is a genetic link to rosacea. You are more likely to develop rosacea if you have a family history of the condition.⁵
A number of factors can trigger flare ups. Although common triggers often include sunlight, heat, stress, alcohol and spicy foods, triggers will vary person to person.⁶
What are the Symptoms?
Signs and symptoms of rosacea may include:⁷
- Redness at the center of the face, including the forehead, nose, cheeks and chin.
- Skin that feels burning, swollen or warm
- Small red blood vessels that are visible under the skin
- Bumpy skin or pimples
- Swollen, bumpy nose (usually seen in men)
- Thicker skin on face (usually seen in advanced disease)
Many people with rosacea experience eye problems, which may include:⁷
- Red, dry, itchy, burning or watery eyes (as if you have sand in your eye)
- Inflamed and swollen eyelids
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred vision
Rosacea symptoms often come and go in episodes. There are periods when the symptoms may be more severe and periods when they improve or go away completely.³ Over time, however, people who have rosacea often develop permanent redness in the center of their face.⁸
How is it Diagnosed?
There is no medical test to diagnose rosacea. A doctor or dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in conditions of the skin) can diagnose rosacea by examining your skin and eyes. Because there are many medical conditions that can look like rosacea, your dermatologist will need to rule out those conditions.⁹
Can it be Treated?
Although there is currently no cure for rosacea, the condition may be managed with healthy skin care habits, avoiding triggers and medication.⁹