Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic (long-lasting) disease that damages the brain and spinal cord. The condition damages the material that surrounds and protects our nerve cells, called the myelin sheath. This damage slows down or blocks messages between the brain and body, leading to the symptoms of MS.

The exact cause is unknown. Scientists believe MS is an autoimmune disease, which happens when your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake.

MS is three times more common in women than men. It is often diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50, although children and older adults may develop it. The condition occurs in most ethnic groups, including African Americans, Asians and Latinos, but is most common in Caucasians of northern European ancestry.

Researchers believe that genetic factors may increase the risk of developing MS, but there is no evidence that MS is directly inherited. Environmental factors, such as geography (more common in areas farthest from the equator), low Vitamin D, tobacco exposure, and viral exposure have also been shown to increase the risk of MS.

MS symptoms are unpredictable and can vary from person to person. Symptoms tend to come and go and will affect each person differently.

The most common symptoms of MS include:

• Fatigue
• Numbness, tingling and pain
• Blurred or double vision
• Weakness
• Poor coordination
• Balance problems
• Depression
• Problems with memory and concentration
• (less common) Tremor, paralysis and blindness

There is no specific medical test to diagnose MS. Doctors diagnose MS by evaluating your symptoms, reviewing your medical history, conducting a physical exam, and ordering tests.

There is no cure for MS yet, but treatments (e.g., medicines, physical therapy) may help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.